How a Rural School Reforms Itself and Develops

How Large an Effect Can We Expect from School Reforms?

How Large an Effect Can We Expect from School Reforms? Judging the success of school reform requires an interpretative context in which to judge whether effects obtained are large enough to be important or so small as to be a disappointment. The logic of school reform suggests two frameworks with which to judge the importance of effects. One is the size of the existing achievement gaps between ...

School Reforms and School Spending Growth

The evolution of school spending over time is related to legislative school reforms expanding the scale and the scope of the school system. This study addresses the determination of legislative reforms and primary school spending, using a data base for Norway 1880 1990. Reforms are understood as the result of growth in demand for school services over time and economic and political conditions c...

Agricultural Policy Reforms Reforms and Rural Development in Turkey

How CVD Develops through Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes all diseases of the blood vessels and circulatory system such as coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke (187). CVD is the leading cause of death in Canada and the United States (187,188). This chapter describes how acute coronary events like MI and stroke develop through atherosclerosis. It reviews ...

How Does a Community of Learners Maintain Itself? Ecology of an Innovative School

This article asks how a community of learners maintains itselfwith the inclusion of new generations, each of which must explore the issue of what the community is about. An example of how new parent volunteers joined an innovative public elementary school is used. Four models of community maintenance defining the relationship between the community and newcomers are described and analyzed on the...